With the rapid development of the logistics industry, automated container storage systems have become essential components of modern warehousing. Although there is no authoritative classification standard yet, we can categorize these systems by picking method and storage type, providing a guide for companies seeking the best storage solution.

1. Classification by Picking Method

Person-to-Goods Picking
In this traditional approach, operators or robots move to storage locations to pick items. This method is common in small- to medium-sized warehouses, particularly in labor-intensive operations. However, in large distribution centers or facilities with high shelves, this method presents challenges. For high-shelf storage, it is difficult for personnel or robots to reach and retrieve items quickly. Additionally, when goods are spread out, picking efficiency drops significantly, as extended walking paths increase time and costs. As labor costs continue to rise, this method is increasingly replaced by goods-to-person picking.

Goods-to-Person Picking
Goods-to-person picking is more efficient. With this approach, shelves or containers are automatically brought to picking stations, minimizing picker movement and maximizing warehouse utilization. This method is well-suited for high-frequency picking operations, reducing labor intensity and the number of staff needed. It is ideal for large distribution centers or high-density storage settings, although careful design is required to ensure timely container delivery and maintain picking efficiency.

Hybrid Applications and Fully Automated Picking Systems
In practice, many warehouses combine person-to-goods and goods-to-person methods to balance efficiency and cost. Additionally, fully automated picking systems, such as the A-frame picking system, are becoming popular in settings with high picking frequency and large order volumes. These systems enable fast, precise picking, making them a promising direction for future warehouse automation.

2. Classification by Storage Method

There are various storage systems designed for container storage in warehouses, each with its own unique benefits:

Shelving and Mezzanine Rack Systems
One of the earliest container storage solutions, this system is suited for small- to medium-sized warehouses. Shelving racks can be configured as single- or multi-layer structures, while mezzanine racks maximize vertical space, supporting medium-frequency picking and manual operations.

Mobile Multi-Layer Shelving with KIVA Robots
In this system, KIVA robots move entire racks for picking, although efficiency is relatively low as each pick requires moving a full rack. This method has gradually been replaced by newer storage systems and is best suited for low-frequency storage in smaller warehouses.

Fixed Shelving with CTU Robots
This is the 2.0 version of KIVA systems, where fixed shelving is paired with CTU (Container Transport Unit) robots, significantly boosting retrieval efficiency. CTU robots can handle multiple containers at once, and shelf heights have increased from 2 meters to 8-10 meters, making this system an ideal choice for high-density storage needs.

Multi-Layer and High-Bay Racking with Shuttle Systems
Two-way and four-way shuttle systems are designed for high-density, high-shelf storage. Four-way shuttles can move across aisles, adding flexibility. Shuttle racks can reach heights of over 20 meters and are designed for quick storage and retrieval, making them a top choice for fast-paced warehousing.

Miniload and Multi-Level Miniload Systems
Miniload systems are an early high-density storage solution, suited for long-term storage or low-frequency retrieval. With heights reaching over 20 meters, these systems offer a cost-effective storage option but are generally slower in operational efficiency, making them ideal for applications with lower throughput requirements.

3. Combining Different Racking Types

In practical container storage design, different racking types can be combined based on warehouse space and operational needs. For example, high-bay racks paired with shuttle systems enable rapid access to goods in multi-level storage. Mid- and low-level shelves, on the other hand, can be equipped with shelving racks or fixed shelves for manual or CTU-assisted picking. For high-order frequency, high-bay racks may be combined with A-frame picking systems to meet demand.

Additionally, a well-thought-out layout that combines goods-to-person and person-to-goods models can increase space utilization and manage labor costs effectively. This combination has become a preferred design for large distribution centers today.

Choosing the Right Storage System to Optimize Warehouse Management

In summary, selecting a suitable storage system depends on factors such as warehouse size, operation frequency, and spatial layout. At Dongjian Racking, we design warehousing solutions tailored to each client’s unique needs, delivering scientifically sound, efficient solutions that bring maximum value.

Dongjian Racking – Your Trusted Partner in Warehouse Storage Solutions. We provide professional, innovative racking system design and installation services to help you build a smart, high-efficiency warehouse environment, achieving a transformative leap in warehouse management!